Taxon ID:
Usage Facet: class=edible; edible_score=1.0; ornamental_score=0.0; inferred_from_taxon=no
Relationships: 0 | Linked Entities (visible): 0 | Evidence claims: 8 | History events: 0 | Catalog issue offerings: 0
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Evidence Badge: emerging | claims=8 | sources=1 | contradictions=0
Claim Types: anecdote_snippet:1, breeder_reference:1, flavor_profile:1, fruit_color:1, fruit_size:1, productivity:1, recommendation_context:1, release_year_reference:1 | Open evidence summary JSON | Open citation drawer JSON
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Caroline is a plum variety recorded in South Dakota fruit literature as an early sort that had already fruited locally by the late nineteenth century. An 1897 bulletin lists it among plum varieties that had borne fruit at the station writer's location, showing it could crop under South Dakota conditions. [S3] In a later South Dakota plum entry, H. C. Warner of Forestburg called Caroline "the best early, so far" in 1903. [S1]
Its origin is only partly preserved. A. Norby linked Caroline with C. W. H. Heideman, but said he could not tell whether it was a seedling or a selected wild plum. [S1] The variety appears tied to Heideman's circle, but the surviving note does not give a definite breeding history or parentage. [S1]
Norby described Caroline as a medium sized plum with yellowish red fruit of good quality. [S1] He reported the crop as fair and said it ripened with Forest Garden in 1902, supporting its reputation as an early plum. [S1] Its earliness and decent quality seem to be the main reasons it was remembered. [S1]
The supplied plum sources do not give direct notes on tree habit, disease resistance, or storage. The strongest geographic evidence is that Caroline fruited in South Dakota and was praised there as an early variety. [S1] [S3]
A separate South Dakota bulletin also lists a raspberry named Caroline, a purple cane sort from S. P. Carpenter of New York. That is a different fruit and should not be confused with the plum cultivar summarized here. [S2]
Summary source basis
This summary currently draws chiefly from Plums in South Dakota, with 2 additional supporting sources linked below.
Featured source descriptions
“This would make it a hybrid of the European raspberry with the wild purple-cane raspberry of the eastern United States.”
— [2]
“A. Norby described the fruit as of good quality.”
— [1]
“Fruit of good flavor.”
— [2]
“A. Norby described the crop as fair.”
— [1]
Direct parent cultivars
Parentage claim text
Derived or downstream cultivar links
Source-story quotations
Taxonomy context: No family-tree context surfaced yet.
Related cultivars mentioned in source context
Zone assertions are structured rows. Hardiness claim text appears in evidence claims and page-linked citations.
| Zone Min | Zone Max | Zone Text | Assertion Type | Outcome | Location | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No explicit zone assertion rows yet. | ||||||
No linked media assets.
| Document | Title/URL | Rights | Claims | Relationships | History Events | Pages | Snippets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | Plums in South Dakota | unknown | 8 | 0 | 0 | p12 | A. Norby reported that Caroline ripened with Forest Garden in 1902.; A. Norby described the fruit as medium size.; A. Norby described the fruit as of good quality.; A. Norby described the fruit as yellowish red. |
| Document | Page | Claim Type | Claim | Quote | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 17 | p12 | release_year_reference | A. Norby reported that Caroline ripened with Forest Garden in 1902. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | fruit_size | A. Norby described the fruit as medium size. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | flavor_profile | A. Norby described the fruit as of good quality. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | fruit_color | A. Norby described the fruit as yellowish red. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | productivity | A. Norby described the crop as fair. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | breeder_reference | The variety was associated by A. Norby with C. W. H. Heideman. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | anecdote_snippet | A. Norby wrote that it was one of C. W. H. Heideman's, whether seedling or selected wild he could not say. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| 17 | p12 | recommendation_context | H. C. Warner of Forestburg, South Dakota called Caroline "the best early, so far" in 1903. | Caroline. "The best early, so far." (H. C. Warner, Forestburg, S. D. 1903.) | page_block:0.90 |
| Year | Nursery | Catalog Issue | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| No catalog issue offerings linked. | |||
| Relation | Type | ID | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No linked entities at this filter level. | |||
| Type | Claim | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| release_year_reference | A. Norby reported that Caroline ripened with Forest Garden in 1902. | 0.91 |
| fruit_size | A. Norby described the fruit as medium size. | 0.92 |
| flavor_profile | A. Norby described the fruit as of good quality. | 0.90 |
| fruit_color | A. Norby described the fruit as yellowish red. | 0.93 |
| productivity | A. Norby described the crop as fair. | 0.92 |
| breeder_reference | The variety was associated by A. Norby with C. W. H. Heideman. | 0.90 |
| anecdote_snippet | A. Norby wrote that it was one of C. W. H. Heideman's, whether seedling or selected wild he could not say. | 0.92 |
| recommendation_context | H. C. Warner of Forestburg, South Dakota called Caroline "the best early, so far" in 1903. | 0.95 |
| ID | Type | Year | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No history events. | |||