Taxon ID:
Usage Facet: class=edible; edible_score=1.0; ornamental_score=0.0; inferred_from_taxon=no
Relationships: 0 | Linked Entities (visible): 0 | Evidence claims: 15 | History events: 0 | Catalog issue offerings: 0
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Evidence Badge: emerging | claims=15 | sources=1 | contradictions=0
Claim Types: description_snippet:4, hardiness_code_expansion:2, breeder_reference:1, culinary_use:1, fruit_color:1, hardiness_observation:1, productivity:1, source_reference_abbreviation:1, taxon_context:1 | Open evidence summary JSON | Open citation drawer JSON
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## Wiki Summary Cortland is a Malus domestica apple cultivar with parentage Ben Davis × McIntosh. The records place its origin at Geneva and list 1915 with the New York Fruit Experimental Station as the introducing source. [S4] [S2]
In prairie records it is classed as standard size (ST). Another table uses medium fruit size, so the clearest reading is standard-fruit size with minor wording differences across sources. [S1] [S2]
The fruit is described as similar to McIntosh but lighter red, more oblate, and firmer in flesh. Tables also list creamy green ground color, bright red overlay, and white flesh. It is noted for high resistance to browning. [S4] [S2]
Cortland ripens in October and is listed for both fresh use and processing. One evaluator source says it is one of the best apples for drying. [S2] [S1]
Prairie sources say it bears early and is moderately hardy in older writing, while another source says it is likely too tender for most Alberta regions. The same source group lists it as H3 (borderline hardiness) and FB2-3 for fireblight susceptibility, so it is best used in favorable locations rather than exposed sites. [S1] [S4]
Its direct parentage is Ben Davis and McIntosh. In later prairie breeding tables, Cortland appears as parent material, including Cortland × Rupert, and once as a female parent in a 51-selection tally. These are breeding-use records, not evidence of Cortland’s own ancestry. [S3]
## Notable Traits and Use Synonym in the record: Cortland Nova Red. [S1]
## Cultivation Signal Prairie sources consistently separate fruit appearance and use from hardiness. Fruit quality and drying value are rated highly, while winter suitability remains conditional. [S1] [S2] [S4]
Summary source basis
This summary currently draws chiefly from Edible Apples in Prairie Canada, with 3 additional supporting sources linked below.
Featured source descriptions
“Included in the cross "Cortland x Rupert" with 1 selection at Morden.”
— [3]
“Synonym noted as Cortland Nova Red.”
— [1]
“Highly resistant to browning.”
— [1]
“Ripens in October.”
— [1]
Direct parent cultivars
Parentage claim text
Derived or downstream cultivar links
Source-story quotations
Taxonomy context: No family-tree context surfaced yet.
Related cultivars mentioned in source context
Zone assertions are structured rows. Hardiness claim text appears in evidence claims and page-linked citations.
| Zone Min | Zone Max | Zone Text | Assertion Type | Outcome | Location | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No explicit zone assertion rows yet. | ||||||
No linked media assets.
| Document | Title/URL | Rights | Claims | Relationships | History Events | Pages | Snippets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Edible Apples in Prairie Canada | unknown | 15 | 0 | 0 | p23 | Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3).; Listed as a standard apple (standard apple, fruit 5 cm diameter or more).; Synonym noted as Cortland Nova Red.; Hardiness noted as H3, indicating borderline hardy. |
| Document | Page | Claim Type | Claim | Quote | Match |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | p23 | entry_hardiness_observation | Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3). | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | description_snippet | Listed as a standard apple (standard apple, fruit 5 cm diameter or more). | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | description_snippet | Synonym noted as Cortland Nova Red. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | hardiness_code_expansion | Hardiness noted as H3, indicating borderline hardy. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | hardiness_code_expansion | Fireblight noted as FB2-3, indicating moderate to higher susceptibility to fireblight injury. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | source_reference_abbreviation | References cited: Sheridan (1978) and Smithfield. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | culinary_use | Described by BHB as one of the best for drying. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | description_snippet | Ripens in October. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | productivity | Bears early. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | hardiness_observation | Manchester considered it probably too tender for most Alberta regions. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | description_snippet | Highly resistant to browning. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | fruit_color | Fruit similar to McIntosh but with lighter red skin color. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | taxon_context | Classified as ST, meaning a standard apple with fruit 5 cm diameter or more. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | breeder_reference | Associated with Geneva, dated 1915. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| 3 | p23 | entry_pedigree | Parentage given as Ben Davis x McIntosh. | Cortland (Ben Davis X McIntosh) Geneva (1915) ST | page_block:0.90 |
| Year | Nursery | Catalog Issue | Relation |
|---|---|---|---|
| No catalog issue offerings linked. | |||
| Relation | Type | ID | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No linked entities at this filter level. | |||
| Type | Claim | Confidence |
|---|---|---|
| entry_hardiness_observation | Hardiness rated borderline hardy (H3). | 0.96 |
| description_snippet | Listed as a standard apple (standard apple, fruit 5 cm diameter or more). | 0.96 |
| description_snippet | Synonym noted as Cortland Nova Red. | 0.88 |
| hardiness_code_expansion | Hardiness noted as H3, indicating borderline hardy. | 0.95 |
| hardiness_code_expansion | Fireblight noted as FB2-3, indicating moderate to higher susceptibility to fireblight injury. | 0.73 |
| source_reference_abbreviation | References cited: Sheridan (1978) and Smithfield. | 0.80 |
| culinary_use | Described by BHB as one of the best for drying. | 0.90 |
| description_snippet | Ripens in October. | 0.94 |
| productivity | Bears early. | 0.91 |
| hardiness_observation | Manchester considered it probably too tender for most Alberta regions. | 0.93 |
| description_snippet | Highly resistant to browning. | 0.93 |
| fruit_color | Fruit similar to McIntosh but with lighter red skin color. | 0.95 |
| taxon_context | Classified as ST, meaning a standard apple with fruit 5 cm diameter or more. | 0.98 |
| breeder_reference | Associated with Geneva, dated 1915. | 0.94 |
| entry_pedigree | Parentage given as Ben Davis x McIntosh. | 0.97 |
| ID | Type | Year | Label |
|---|---|---|---|
| No history events. | |||