Fruit Culture

Document 23

Title: Fruit Culture

Source URL: https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1049&context=agexperimentsta_bulletins

Archive provenance: source_site=Open PRAIRIE | institution=South Dakota State University | source_root=https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/ | local_archive=/usr/local/var/www/pomologica/data/raw/manual/ingest_queue/research_groups_20260309/1049_agexperimentsta_bulletins.pdf

Type: pdf | Language: en | Rights: unknown

Aliases: 1 | Provenance events: 2 | Evidence claims: 19

Archivist page review: Review parse variants for page 33

Open profile JSON | Open citation JSON

Document Metadata

Institution:

Publisher:

Site: Open PRAIRIE

Year:

Page count: 41

Type: pdf_document

Metadata source: intake_backfill_v1

Relationship Records

ID	Relation	Source	Target	Source Doc
167	mentioned_in_document	University Of Minnesota	Fruit Culture	23
166	mentioned_in_document	South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station	Fruit Culture	23
165	mentioned_in_document	South Dakota Agricultural College	Fruit Culture	23
164	mentioned_in_document	Bulletins South Dakota State University	Fruit Culture	23
163	mentioned_in_document	South Dakota State University	Fruit Culture	23

History Records

ID	Type	Year	Label
303	year_reference	1888	Year reference 1888
302	year_reference	1896	Year reference 1896
301	year_reference	1897	Year reference 1897
304	institution_mention	1897	South Dakota State University
305	institution_mention	1897	Bulletins South Dakota State University
306	institution_mention	1897	South Dakota Agricultural College
307	institution_mention	1897	South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station
308	institution_mention	1897	University Of Minnesota

Document Reader

Reviewable cultivar from this document:

This selector is limited to cultivars that already have staging pages. Additional parsed names stay in the linked records table below.

102 additional parsed names from this document do not have staging cultivar pages yet.

Parsed Cultivar Detail

Cultivar: Wealthy

Pages in document: p5 p6 p7 p26 p27 p28 p29 p30 p32 p33 p34 p35 p39 p40

Entry Snippets

Page	Basis	Snippet
5	cultivar_list_member	Of the second degree of hardiness: Wealthy, Longfield, Tefosky, Melinda.
6	explicit_cultivar_reference	The following do best top-worked: Wealthy, Longfield, Melinda.
7	named_entry_heading	WEALTHY. This well known, large, red, late fall and early winter apple, originated by Peter M. Gideon, of Minnesota... It has not proven sufficiently hardy for the test winters in Minnesota, but does well top-grafted on strong growing crabs... best stocks for
26	explicit_cultivar_reference	Ihave settled on the Wealthy, Duchess and Whitney No. 20; ... although the Wealthy has been a shy bearer up to date, especially on upland in dry years, as it, more than any other of our varieties, is susceptible to drought.
27	explicit_cultivar_reference	The report says: "Having settled on the Wealthy, Duchess and Whitney No. 20..." and later, "We have, however, no reason to regret that we put our faith in the Wealthy..." with added caution on its drought susceptibility.
28	explicit_cultivar_reference	"Fine speci mens of Wealthy, Duchess, and Vir ginia crab are als o in this olde r orchard" and "with the Wealt hy it is a feast or fam in e."
29	explicit_cultivar_reference	The Trans cende nt has borne the most fr uit , and Ma rth a the most blossoms but lea st fr uit, alt ho ugh the trees are th rif ty . The sta ndards are ju st begi nn ing to bear; the Wealthy has made the best growt h, and is, Ith ink, the mo st prom isi ng.
30	explicit_cultivar_reference	Among the large apples ... the Wealthy stands remarkably well ... fruit ... rarely equaled. ... young Wealthies bending under the load of large perfect fruit.
32	explicit_cultivar_reference	planted mostly Duchess and Wealthy ... we got a few Duchess and Wealthy apples ... all we could use of Duchess, Wealthy ...
33	explicit_cultivar_reference	Among the most profit able we would name the Duchess, Wealt hy, Haas, Westfield Seek-no-Further, Walbr idge, Utter's Red, Perry Russet.
34	explicit_cultivar_reference	In apples the Duchess and Wealthy are about as profitable as any. ... Another neighbor had ... barrels of apples from each tree ... from a few good sized Wealthy.
35	explicit_cultivar_reference	Of the apple trees planted the first three years, Wealthy, Haas, Tofsky and Maiden Blush all died from freezing.
39	explicit_cultivar_reference	Ihave fruited last year the following kinds ... Ihave placed them with relation to their hardiness and value: ... Weal thy, Rawl e's Janet, ...
40	explicit_cultivar_reference	Tetofsky, Wealthy, Rawle's Janet, Price's Sweet

Raw Parsed Claims

Page	Type	Claim	Confidence
5	recommendation_context	Second-degree hardiness apple for Minnesota planting list.	0.98
6	recommendation_context	Explicitly listed as one of the best cultivars for top-working.	0.98
7	entry_hardiness_observation	Not proven sufficiently hardy for Minnesota test winters, though it can perform when managed on appropriate rootstocks.	0.95
7	fruit_color	Fruit is described as large and red.	0.93
7	selection_origin_reference	Origin attributed to Peter M. Gideon of Minnesota.	0.97
7	rootstock_compatibility	Performs well when top-grafted on strong-growing crabs; specifically notes Virginia crab and Hibernal as preferred stocks.	0.94
7	productivity	Has borne well in many locations in the southern part of South Dakota.	0.86
7	recommendation_context	Minnesota recommendations include top-grafting Wealthy, Longfield, and Melinda on hardy stocks; top-working seen as a promising line of work.	0.9
7	entry_location	Recommended for use with top-worked trees in colder zones rather than relying on ungrafted hardiness.	0.81
26	recommendation_context	Named as one of the principal orchard sorts selected by the station report for this location.	0.99
26	entry_hardiness_observation	Observed to be shy bearer on this site and especially prone to poor bearing on upland in dry years; noted as highly susceptible to drought among the listed types.	0.96
26	anecdote_snippet	The grower states there was no reason to regret putting faith in the named sorts despite Wealthy’s inconsistent early performance.	0.86
27	recommendation_context	The orchard experimenter selected Wealthy as a core apple entry and retained it as a principal recommendation despite mixed annual bearing.	0.95
27	entry_hardiness_observation	Wealthy is described as a shy bearer and more susceptible to drought than other tested varieties.	0.9
27	recommendation_context	Wealthy is described as a "peerless" apple and the report suggests it should be in every southern-half-of-state orchard.	0.89
28	anecdote_snippet	Listed as one of the old orchard specimens retained by the author, indicating legacy field evaluation.	0.91
28	productivity	Characterized as highly variable in cropping from season to season, expressed as "feast or famine."	0.95
28	recommendation_context	Used as a standard for comparison with Duchess rather than as an exclusively favored top choice.	0.86
29	productivity	Reported as promising and having good growth performance in the correspondent’s orchard.	0.97
29	growth_habit	Described as making the best growth among reported apples.	0.95
29	recommendation_context	Inferred as one of the more promising cultivars based on field performance and growth rating in this report.	0.93
30	anecdote_snippet	Described as exceptionally vigorous with very large, high-quality fruit in the observed region.	0.95
30	productivity	Observed to bear large loads of high-quality fruit.	0.95
32	selection_origin_reference	Wealthy was part of the core 1886 planting material and later replanting.	0.9
32	productivity	Used heavily as part of production-oriented planting; included in entries with sustained orchard value.	0.82
32	recommendation_context	Reported as one of the commercially worthwhile apple choices in the correspondent's ranking.	0.79
33	recommendation_context	Named among the most profitable cultivars in this correspondent's working list.	0.97
34	productivity	Reported as highly profitable and among the stronger apple entries.	0.93
34	recommendation_context	Observed frequently in yield examples and practical orchard reporting.	0.88
35	entry_hardiness_observation	Reported as completely dead from freezing during early years of planting.	0.98
39	anecdote_snippet	Listed in the Black Hills standard apple set with an implied comparative hardiness/value placement.	0.72
40	taxon_context	Listed among the standard apples fruited in the orchard.	0.97
40	entry_hardiness_observation	Placed by the grower with relation to hardiness and value among successful orchard apples.	0.85
40	productivity	The cultivar was among those fruited last year in the orchard.	0.95

Inherited Context

p5: Apple | Apple cultivars | Crabs and hybrids | Fruit Culture | Regional recommendations and list of proven/suggested hardy fruit varieties | South Dakota Agricultural College / South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station | Minnesota State Horticultural Societ
p6: Malus | apple cultivars | apples for top-working | hardy apple management notes | Fruit Culture | APPLES | South Dakota Agricultural College / South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station | University of Minnesota | selection and evaluation of hardy apple cul
p7: Apple (Malus) | Apple recommendations | Cold-adaptation orcharding group | Hardy/late season apple entries | Apple cultivars → hardy and late-season entries → practical culture and propagation guidance | South Dakota | Minnesota | northern U.S. locations (e.g., Minneapolis)
p26: apple | fruit trial set | semi-hardy selection list | station-recommended local planting list | Fruit Culture | Reports from Fruit Growers | Report from Turner County | South Dakota | Turner County
p27: apple cultivar in South Dakota orchard trials | apple and crabapple cultivars | Fruit Culture > Reports from Fruit Growers | Grower orchard case history and varietal review | South Dakota | southern South Dakota | prairie upland environments | northern trunk-side microzone e
p28: apple | Malus | temperate fruit trees | established orchard standards | old orchard cultivars | Fruit Culture | Orchard Trial Performance and Management Notes | South Dakota prairie climate | Michigan and northern middle states | middle western United States
p29: apple | Fruit Culture | Orchard management notes | Report from Lake County | South Dakota | Minnesota | Lake County
p30: apple | orchard cultivar performance in South Dakota | large-fruited apple trials | apple and crabapple observations | orchard cultivation and disease pressure | evaluation of later plantings and varietal performance | hardy native plum list with named entries
p32: Russian and cold-climate apples | Malus | orchard performance trial cohort | named cultivar performance reporting | Fruit Culture | Report and correspondence section | Ola y County fruit report | South Dakota | Ola y / Olay County correspondence context | northern U.S. cold-
p33: apples/crabapples (named selections) | South Dakota fruit selection notes | County-level report section within the Fruit Culture bulletin, following earlier discussion of orchard survival and continuing with practical cultivar listings and outcomes. | South Dakota (county-le
p34: apple | REPORT FROM TURNER COUNTY | Hardiness and productivity notes under drought conditions | Comparative cultivar and small-fruit recommendations
p35: Apple cultivar trial outcomes in cold winters | Fruit Culture field reports on cold-hardy orchard cultivars | Survival comparison among named apple entries | Named cultivar entries without explicit pedigree detail | Fruit Culture | Field Reports / Correspondence | Report fro
p39: apple | standard apples | fruit trees | apple cultivation | orchard introductions | standard apple selections | Fruit Culture | Report from the Black Hills | Apple and small-fruit field trial notes
p40: apple | standard apples | crab apples | Report from the Black Hills | South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station | South Dakota Agricultural College | South Dakota | Black Hills | Idaho | Oregon | California | Washington

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Linked Cultivars

ID	Cultivar	Evidence / Claims	History / Pages	Link
parsed only	Duchess	37	5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 26, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Wealthy	34	5, 6, 7, 26, 27, 28, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Hibernal	28	5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 30, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Desoto	23	18, 20, 21, 22, 33, 37, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Wyant	20	18, 20, 21, 22, 30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Forest Garden	19	18, 20, 22, 30, 31, 33, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Transcendent	18	8, 9, 26, 27, 29, 30, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Virginia	16	5, 8, 9, 26, 30, 36, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Longfield	15	5, 6, 7, 30, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Wolf	15	18, 20, 22, 30, 31, 34, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Whitney No 20	14	8, 26, 27, 29, 37, 39, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Melinda	13	5, 6, 8, 30	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Patten'S Greening	12	5, 8, 9, 27, 30, 36	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Whitney	12	5, 8, 9, 34, 36	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Ben Davis	11	5, 26, 27, 33, 34, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Charlamoff	11	5, 6, 36	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Crescent	11	24, 29, 31, 41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Haas	11	5, 26, 27, 32, 33, 35, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Martha	11	5, 8, 29, 36, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Briar Sweet	9	5, 26, 27, 30, 35, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Concord	9	23, 24, 32, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Early Strawberry	9	5, 9, 26, 27, 35, 36, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Houghton	9	24, 31, 32, 38, 41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Rockford	9	20, 22, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Tetofsky	9	8, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Walbridge	9	26, 27, 32, 33, 39, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	White	9	24, 31, 34, 38, 41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Early Richmond	8	23, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Hyslop	8	8, 9, 26, 27, 34, 35, ...	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Red Dutch	8	24, 32, 34, 38, 41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Turner	8	23, 24, 31, 38	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Arthur	7	9, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Miner	7	22, 34	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Minnesota	7	5, 6, 26, 27, 30, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	New Ulm	7	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Worden	7	23, 24, 32	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Antonovka	6	29, 32	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Cheney	6	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	De Soto	6	30, 31, 34	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Prunus Americana	6	18, 19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Rollingstone	6	20, 22	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Victoria	6	24, 31, 32, 34, 38	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Baldwin	5	33, 39, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Burbank	5	22	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Duchess Of Oldenburg	5	39, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Fay'S Prolific	5	38, 41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Harrison'S Peach	5	22, 30	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Janesville	5	23, 24, 32	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Kaump	5	5, 6, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Okabena	5	5, 8, 9	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Rawle'S Janet	5	5, 33, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Recumbent	5	6, 11	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Russian Mulberry	5	34, 35	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Stoddard	5	20, 30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Virginia Crab	5	27, 28	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Anisim	4	8, 11	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Bartlett	4	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Bessarabian	4	31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Christmas	4	5, 6, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Downing	4	24, 38	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Early Red	4	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Golden Prune	4	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Goose	4	20, 22	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Greenwood	4	5, 9, 36, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Hawkeye	4	20, 30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Hutchinson Sweet	4	35, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Lombard	4	33, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Mann	4	39, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Marianna	4	19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Milton Crab	4	35	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Myrobolan	4	19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Old Gold	4	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Orange	4	26, 27, 30, 35	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Peerless	4	5, 8, 33	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Perry Russet	4	5, 32, 33	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Price'S Sweet	4	39, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Red Astrachan	4	26, 40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	White Pigeon	4	5, 6, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Yellow Sweet	4	5, 6, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Yellow Transparent	4	32, 33	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Ancient Briton	3	24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Beder Wood	3	24, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Black Tartarian	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Blushed Calville	3	5, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Brett	3	5, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Capt Jack	3	41	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Chickasaw	3	26, 27	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Chickasaw Crab	3	28	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Cuthbert	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Darrt'S Greenwood	3	35	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	English Morello	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Fameuse	3	5, 26, 33	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Flemish Beauty	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Gilbert	3	5, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Idaho Peach	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Iowa Beauty	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Marlboro	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Milton	3	22, 37	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Moore'S Early	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Nemeha	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Ohio	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Older	3	23, 24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Ostheim	3	31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Peach	3	19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Pewaukee	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Repka Malenka	3	5, 8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Rollingstonp	3	18	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	St Julien	3	19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Titus	3	32, 33	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Warfield	3	24	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Washington	3	40	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Apple Trees	2	18	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Apricot	2	19	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Black Naples	2	34	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Champion	2	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Charles Downing	2	22	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Cherry	2	34, 38	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Cross No 413	2	8	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Dr Dennis	2	30, 31	No staging cultivar page yet
parsed only	Elgin Beauty	2	27	No staging cultivar page yet

Document-Linked Records

Relationships: 5

History events: 8

These are the structured records currently tied to this document. They should line up with the document’s main cultivar story.

Rights Records

Status	License	Holder
unknown

Credibility Records

Tier	Score	Assessor	Rationale
tier_3	55	auto	Unclassified domain; requires manual source evaluation

Translation Records

Source Lang	Target Lang	Method	Status	Note
No translation records.

Translation Quality Assessments

Translation ID	Score	Risk	Assessor	Rationale
No translation assessments.

Publication Records

Status	Visibility	Reviewer	Note
No publication records.

Extracted Entities

Type	Value	Confidence
institution_candidate	University of Minnesota	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota Agricultural College	0.60
institution_candidate	Bulletins South Dakota State University	0.60
institution_candidate	South Dakota State University	0.60
taxon_keyword	prunus	0.65
taxon_keyword	malus	0.65

Extracted Claims

Type	Claim	Confidence
description_snippet	A rather early and regular bearer and productive.	0.54
description_snippet	Melinda, Yellow Sweet, Christmas and Minnesota are tardy bearers.	0.54
description_snippet	2-Liehy (Recumbent), Juicy Burr Rnrl Rornna clm,ely resemble the Hibernal and are equally safe kinds.	0.54
description_snippet	6, Briar Sweet, Tonka, Powers.	0.54
description_snippet	Best for general cultivation: Virginia, Martha, Whit.ney, EArly Strawberry, ·Minnesota, Sweet Rnsset, Gideon's No.	0.54
description_snippet	Promising varieties for trial: Pat.ten's GreeninQ', Okabena, Peerless, Repka Malenka, Anisirn, Yellow Sweet, Kaump, Gilbert, Brett, Christmas, Blushed Calville, Cross · 413, White	0.54
description_snippet	the state, a few old orchards in fa.ir condition are found, containing varieties of the grade of hardiness of Haas, Plumb's Cider, Fameuse, Perry Russet, Utter's Red, Willow Twig,	0.54
culinary_use	cooking, and not to be	0.56
productivity	productive	0.56
storage_duration	storage houses are beginning to store it for	0.56
growth_habit	spreading	0.52
institution_reference	University of Minnesota	0.60
institution_reference	South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station	0.60
institution_reference	South Dakota Agricultural College	0.60
institution_reference	Bulletins South Dakota State University	0.60
institution_reference	South Dakota State University	0.60
year_reference	1888	0.55
year_reference	1896	0.55
year_reference	1897	0.55